The new labor codes in India have been criticized for weakening occupational safety and health (OSH) protections for workers. The 2020 Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Code has been described as "much softer" than the 1948 law it replaced.
The new code applies to only 1.4% of industries in India, those with 10 or more workers in power-using industries and 40 or more workers in non-power using industries. This means that the vast majority of workers in India are not covered by the new OSH protections.
In addition, the new code requires only large and dangerous industries to establish safety committees. For many provisions, there will be no inspections, and employers will self-certify that they have met all requirements. The labor department will accept these self-certifications at face value.
This has led to concerns that the new OSH code will lead to increased workplace injuries and fatalities.
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