people

How Mao applies his concept of "people" in the conditions of Soviet Russia of Lenin and Stalin ?  

Mao's concept of 'people" was different from that of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. Contrary to Mao's concept, national bourgeois was never included under the concept of people by Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin and accordingly the word 'people' was used by them in their writings only to include proletariat and the peasantry.  Whether this difference in the concept of people  amounts to a deviation from Marxism Leninism or a contribution in the Marxist Leninist treasury is the most controversial issue. Mao advocated political alliance with the national bourgeois not only prior to peoples' democratic government but also  during the period of socialist construction.  For example, in his most central writing "On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People" 1957 Mao Tse-tung held the dictatorship of  the proletariat to be possible along with a political alliance with the national bourgeoisie. He even proceeded from the fact that the construction of socialism was possible while allying politically with this bourgeois. (Selected Works Vol. V, P-385-387). His approach towards bourgeoisie had not changed when he says in 1962:

"Socialist Society covers a considerably long historical period. In the historical period of Socialism, there are still classes, class contradictions and class struggles, there is the struggle between the Socialist road and the capitalist road, and there is the danger of capitalist restoration. We must recognise the protracted and complex nature of this struggle. We must heighten our vigilance. We must correctly understand and handle class contradictions and class struggle, distinguish the contradictions between ourselves and the enemy from those among the people and handle them correctly. Otherwise a Socialist country like ours will turn into its opposite and degenerate, and capitalist restoration will take place. From now on we must remind ourselves of this every year, every month and every day so that we can retain a rather sober understanding of this  problem and have a Marxist-Leninist line." From "Problems of Socialism,Capitalist Restoration and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" by Shashi Prakash

Thus even in 1962 Mao is on the same line of 1957 i.e. to correctly handle the contradiction among the people (contradiction with the national bourgeois) 

But what is the most surprising and striking on Mao's part is that when Mao refers writings of Lenin and Stalin he fails to understand that his concept of people differs from the concept of 'people' of Lenin and Stalin. When he refers Lenin saying that contradictions among the people exist  he wrongly says that Lenin did not have time enough to analyze this question fully.  This is absolutely in correct. Lenin did analyze this question in full in his Two Tactics of Democratic Revolution. Page 134 & 136 Lenin C.W. Vol 9 . and in "State and Revolution" and came to the conclusion that the chief components of the word  'people, are proletariat and the peasantry.  And  Mao says: 

"Lenin said contradictions among the people exist, but Lenin did not have time enough to analyze this question fully. —"On the Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People" (Speaking Notes), (Feb. 27, 1957), SSCM, pp. 136-7.

And Mao further says :

"As for antagonism, is it possible for contradictions among the people to be transformed from non-antagonistic contradictions into antagonistic ones? It must be said that it is possible; but in Lenin's time this had not yet happened, and perhaps he did not watch this problem carefully since he had such a short time [as leader of the Soviet Union]. —"On the Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People" (Speaking Notes), (Feb. 27, 1957), SSCM, pp. 136-7.

Neither before Lenin nor Stalin, there could have  been a question of possibility of  transforming contradictions among the people from non-antagonistic contradictions into antagonistic contradictions because unlike Mao,  Lenin and Stalin from the very beginning considered antagonistic contradiction between the proletariat and the national bourgeois. Actually, Mao firstly revises  the word "people" and then he falsely alleges that Lenin  did not have time enough to analyze this question fully and then he falsely alleges that Stalin confused two types of contradictions. Mao says :

" After the October Revolution, during the period when Stalin was in charge, for a long time he confused these two types of contradictions."  —"On the Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People" (Speaking Notes), (Feb. 27, 1957), SSCM, pp. 136-7.

Two types of contradiction, one with the enemy and other amongst the people! Stalin would have laughed at Mao. Everybody knows that in Soviet Russia, before and after  the establishment of dictatorship of proletariat, contradiction with the national bourgeoisie was never a non-antagonistic contradiction, national bourgeois was never a part of people. Is it  not an absurd on Mao's part to apply his concept of "people" in the conditions of Russia and make such loose, un-Marxist comments on Lenin and Stalin?